Data handling Essays

Data handling Essays Data handling Essay Data handling Essay I have chosen three categories, which are the height, hand span and the shoe size from the data. My first hypothesis is that taller people will havebigger feet. My second hypothesis is that taller people will have bigger hand spans. I think that there will be a positive correlation between the height with shoe and hand size because its common sense. Most people I see on the streets have big hands and feet when they are tall. I think that both correlations will be very high because of this.I picked a sample of 50 people because 50 out of about 261 pupils will be just about 20% of the people. It uses some of the people and 50 is a nice number to work with. I picked the sample of 50 by using stratified sampling since a random choice is not representative. The sample might contain all 50 boys or all 50 girls might it is random. Also, a stratified sample is more representative because it would be accurate by being based on the information, but it is not perfect.The data that I needed to s tratify are the date of births and the gender of the pupils because older pupils are normally taller.MonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountSeptember11920October14620November71320December91726January13619February171027March151732April9817May91120June121325July91625August4610129132261I counted all the pupils and it came up to 261 pupils, 129 boys and 132 girls. To stratify the data and find out how many boys were born in September, I divided (/) the amount, which is 11 by the total amount, which is 261, and times (x) by 50, the amount of sample needed.If any data is missing or obviously wrong, I will use another person instead.11/26150=2.1I did that for all of the amounts. 14/26150, 7/26150 etcMonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountStratified amount for boysStratified amount for girlsSeptember119202.111.72October146202.681.15November713201.342.49December917261.723.26January136192.491.15February1710273.261.92March1517322.873.26April98171.721.53May911201.722.11June1213252.32.49July916251.723.07August46100.771 .1512913226124.7125.29Next I rounded up the numbers to their nearest whole number.MonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountSeptember224October314November134December235January213February325March336April224May224June224July235August112252550I then picked out the 50 samples by random with the three categories that I needed, which are the height, the hand span and the shoe size.I will use scatter diagrams and spearmans rank to see what correlation the two hypothesis has and how strong the correlation is.Scatter DiagramsA scatter diagram tells you how closely two things are related, the term correlation.A Strong Correlation means the two things are closely related to each other. A Weak Correlation means there is very little relationship. The line of best fit is a line that roughly goes through the middle of the points. The line can start from anywhere, not just from the y-axis and it doesnt have to go through any of the points exactly but it can. If the line slopes up its positive correlation, if it s lopes down its negative correlation. No correlation means theres no linear correlation.e.gHypothesis 1, taller people have bigger feet.This scatter diagram has a positive correlation because the line of best fit has a positive gradient. We know that this diagram is only moderately strong because the points are not close together. They are not reasonably close to the line of best fit but this shows that taller people have bigger feet.Hypothesis 2, taller people have bigger hand spans.This scatter diagram has a positive correlation. This diagram has a stronger correlation because the points are more bunched up. They are using the same scale so it would be easy to compare. They are quite close to the line of best fit etc. This shows that taller people have bigger hands.Spearmans RankTo compare the strength of the correlation accurately, we have to use Spearmans Rank.Spearmans Rank is written as r and it is a measure of the agreement between two sets of data. It is the more precise way of saying how strong the correlation is. The scale of Spearmans Rank is from -1 to 1.-1 indicates perfect negative correlation. This is sometimes called disagreement. This rarely happens.0 indicates no correlation. This is sometimes described as neither agreeing nor disagreeing.+1indicates perfect positive correlation. This is sometimes called agreement. This rarely happens.Each data value is given a rank depending on its size within the data set. r is based on the difference (d), between corresponding ranks. Spearmans rank correlation coefficient,d is the difference between corresponding ranks (it does not matter if the difference is negative as you have to square it)n is the number of data pairsIf two or more data values are the same, they have tied ranking. E.g if two values have tied ranks at 3rd and 4th, use the mean. 3+4=7, 7/2=3.5, so use 3.5 for both.Hypothesis 1, taller people have bigger feetI rank the height of the pupils in order from 1-50. I did the same again for the s hoe-size, ranking them from 1-50. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.Height nearest cmRanking OrderShoe sizeRanking Order(d)differenced*d1931122111912131-111883115.52.56.251854.5115.5111854.59149.590.251826914864181710.59241808115.5-2.56.251789821.512.5156.2517710115.5-4.520.251761191439175129142417413.5115.5-86417413.59140.50.2517316914-2417316821.55.530.2517316727.511.5132.2517218914-41617119821.52.56.2517021.5115.5-1625617021.5914-7.556.2517021.58.519-2.56.2517021.5541.52040016924.5727.53916924.56349.590.2516827821.5-5.530.2516827727.50.50.2516827541.514.5210.2516729.5541.51214416729.5448.51936116531.5727.5-41616531.5727.5-41616433.5727.5-63616433.5541.586416335914-21441163356.532-3916335634-1116039.5727.5-1214416039.5634-5.530.2516039.55.536-3.512.2516039.5541.52415842541.5-0.50.2515743541.5-1.52.2515544.5727.5-1728915544.5541.5-3915446.54.5470.50.2515446.5448.52415348541.5-6.542.2515049541.5-7.556.25145503.550003356.5The answer wa s 3356.5 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.84 is very close to 1 so it has a very strong correlation. This suggests that taller people have bigger feet.Hypothesis 2, taller people have bigger hand spans.I rank the height of the pupils in order from 1-50. I did the same again for the hand-span, ranking them from 1-50. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.Height nearest cmRanking OrderHand Span, nearest mmRanking Order(d)differenced*d193124032419122501-1118832412-111854.519029.5256251854.5220105.530.25182621015.59.590.2518172354.5-2.56.2518082354.5-3.512.25178921015.56.542.251771021015.55.530.25176112307-4161751222010-2417413.52307-6.542.2517413.5200228.572.251731619029.513.5182.2517316200226361731621015.5-0.50.251721821213-5251711922010-98117021.521512-9.590.2517021.517044.52352917021.5200220.50.2517021.517044.52352916924.5195261.52.2516924.518037.513169168272307-204001682718037.510.5110.2516 827150502352916729.518037.586416729.520022-7.556.2516531.51614816.5272.2516531.520022-9.590.2516433.518037.541616433.519029.5-4161633519825-101001633520119-162561633520718-1728916039.518532.5-74916039.518134-5.530.2516039.518037.5-2416039.518037.5-241584219127-152251574317044.51.52.2515544.518532.5-1214415544.517641-3.512.2515446.517044.5-2415446.5160492.56.251534819029.5-18.5342.251504917044.5-4.520.251455017044.5-5.530.255694The answer was 5694 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.73 is close to 1 so it has a strong correlation. This suggests that taller people have bigger hand spans but this correlation is not as strong as the other correlation. For hypothesis 1, the answer was 0.16 from perfect positive correlation. For hypothesis 2, the answer was 0.27 from perfect positive correlation.So Hypothesis 1 has a stronger correlation. A taller person is more likely to have bigger feet than a large hand span.Just for the HeightI will the tre at boys and girls separately because the results may differ. I wonder if there is any significant difference between the ways the heights of boys and girls are distributed because a small difference could make the whole result different. I will use standard deviation and spearmans rank later to prove this.My hypothesis is that the boys will have a higher dispersion.Mean, Mode and MedianI have also decided to calculate three averages, Mean, Mode and Median.The MeanThe mean is the average, Total of items / Number of items. You add up all the values and divide the amount of values. This is a useful average to use as it uses all the data. The disadvantage is that it could be affected by extreme values.I added up all the height of the boys and it came up to 4363cm. There were 25 values so it was 4363/25. The answer was 174.5cm. The average height of the boys was 174.5cm.I added up all the height of the girls and it came up to 4062cm. There were 25 values so it was 4062/25. The answer was 162.5cm. The average height of the girls was 162.5cm.The ModeThe mode is the most common value of data. This is easy to find but it does not utilise all the data.The mode for boys is 170cm.The mode for girls is 160cm.The MedianThe midpoint in a series of numbers; half the data values are above the median, and half are below. For example, in the odd series 1, 4, 9, 12 and 33, 9 is the median. In the even series 1, 4, 10, 12, 33 and 88, 11 is the median (halfway between 10 and 12). The median is not necessarily the same as the mean. For example, the median of 2, 6, 10, 22 and 40 is 10 but the average is 18. I will find the median by using a cumulative frequency curve. This is useful but it does not use all the data.I will also look at the spread and the range. This is calculated by taking away the smallest value from the biggest. I will calculate the inter quartile range using the cumulative frequency curve. It gives the spread of the middle 50% of the data and is less affected by ex treme values than the range.Standard DeviationStandard Deviation is the square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability, a statistic that measures the dispersion of a sample. This is the formula:X is the value n is the number of valuesX is the meanI listed all the heights of the boys. Then I took away the mean, average (175 to nearest whole number) from each height. I squared the differences and added them up.XX-X(X-X)XX-X(X-X)19318324173-2419116256173-2418813169172-3918510100171-416182749170-525181636170-525180525170-52517839168-74917724164-1112117611163-1214417500160-15225174-11155-20400174-112022The answer was 2022 and I substituted it into the formula.In the end, the answer was 8.99, 9 to nearest whole number.I listed all the heights of the girls. Then I took away the mean, average (163 to nearest whole number) from each height. I squared the differences and added them u p.XX-X(X-X)XX-X(X-X)185224841630017310100160-39170749160-39169636160-39169636158-525168525157-636168525155-864167416154-981167416154-98116524153-1010016524150-1316916411145-18324163001703The answer was 1703 and I substituted it into the formula.In the end, the answer was 8.25, 8 to nearest whole number.Cumulative Frequency Diagrams (On graph paper)Box Plots (On graph paper)In the end, my results prove that I am right with my hypothesis. There is a 0.74 difference (1 to nearest whole number). This proves my hypothesis.I think there are significantly enough differences between the modes, medians and means in the distribution of boys and girls heights to treat them separately.Scatter Diagrams for males and females for Hypothesis 1The results will be different for the boys and for the girls. So the correlation for boys and girls will be different. I will have to investigate further on to prove this. I will show this by creating 2 scatter diagrams, 1 for boys and 1 for girls. I will do t hem separately by sorting them into males and females.The scatter diagrams proved that boys tend to be taller and have bigger feet. However, girls have a stronger correlation by looking at the diagrams. They seem closer to the line of best fit. To prove this, I had to use Spearmans Rank again.Spearmans Rank for Hypothesis 1I will have to do the same as before. I rank the height of the boys in order from 1-25. I did the same again for the shoe-size, ranking them from 1-25. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.GenderHeight nearest cmrank orderShoe sizerank orderdd*dM193112211M1912131-11M1883115.52.56.25M1854115.51.52.25M1825913.58.572.25M181610.5939M1807115.5-1.52.25M1788820.512.5156.25M1779115.5-3.512.25M17610913.53.512.25M17511913.52.56.25M17412.5115.5-749M17412.5913.511M17314.5820.5636M17314.5913.5-11M17216913.5-2.56.25M17117820.53.512.25M170198.518-11M17019913.5-5.530.25M17019115.5-13.5182.25M16821820.5-0.50.25M1642272424M16323913.5-9. 590.25M1602472400M15525724-11695.5The answer was 695.5 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.73 is close to 1 so it has a strong correlation. This suggests that taller boys have bigger feet.I rank the height of the girls in order from 1-25. I did the same again for the shoe-size, ranking them from 1-25. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.GenderHeight nearest cmrank orderShoe sizerank orderdd*dF18519100F17327424F1703516.513.5182.25F1694.574-0.50.25F1694.5694.520.25F1686.5516.510100F1686.574-2.56.25F1678.5423.515225F1678.5516.5864F16510.574-6.542.25F16510.574-6.542.25F16412516.54.520.25F16313.569-4.520.25F16313.56.57-6.542.25F16016516.50.50.25F1601669-749F160165.511-525F15818516.5-1.52.25F15719516.5-2.56.25F15520516.5-3.512.25F15421.5423.524F15421.54.5220.50.25F15323516.5-6.542.25F15024516.5-7.556.25F145253.52500967The answer was 967 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the fo rmula.The answer 0.63 is not too close to 1 so it has a moderate correlation. This suggests that taller boys are more likely than girls to have bigger feet.ConclusionIn the end, I think that Spearmans Rank was the best because it gave a very accurate answer. It was difficult to work out all the answers but in the end, tall people have bigger feet and hand spans. But the data were only from year 10s in Salendine Nook High School so it only really proves that tall people in year 10 attending Salendine Nook High School have bigger feet and hand spans. However it could mean that all pupils in year 10 in different schools have bigger feet and hand spans. We dont and we wont know though as there are many other factors such as cultural background that we need to know to prove our results right. The data is also flawed as lots of information was missing and pupils imputed their data in differently.I think that I chose the right groups to prove my hypothesis. To improve this and make my resu lts better, I could get other schools data or maybe different years in my school. People like shoe or glove makers can use this data and design more shoes in region of the average size. In the end, I think I proved that my hypothesis is correct.

Business plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business plan - Term Paper Example It will be located inside the Park Meadows Shopping Center, South Denver. This will provide an exciting experience to consume high-quality food while window shopping and walking inside the shopping mall. 303 Deliche Steak will offer a tantalizing experience of hand cut (daily) and 21 days aged steak to maximize the flavour. Its menu encompasses the best steak, several chicken dishes as well burgers in the saloon. It will also serve desserts and distinctive salad.For special occasions, it will also offer private dining areas with a decor that beckons music and laughter to make it more relaxing and memorable. The grill will be in open air to cook to the proper degree as per the guest’s requirement. There will be no waiting for the steak since the grill will be stocked already to the degree of doneness. This business plan will launch the initial concept to create more concrete goals and obtain financing. Financing is required to start the business activities such as kitchen desig ning, architectural plan of the restaurant, menu and receipt books, purchases equipment and other related expenses of the first year. The capital contributions of the owners along with the finances will contribute in successful opening of the restaurant. This is essential to create a value-driven atmosphere that will entice people from all ages to bring their friends and family to enjoy the creativity of the founders with excellent food. The dazzling 303 Deliche Steak will be embraced by people who love dining out with fantastic meal and benchmark customer service at a convenient location. Business Description: 303 Deliche Steak is an ultimate steakhouse destination with great food, lively atmosphere and extraordinary value. While the original variation of American favourites is supreme, an array of flavourful dishes such as seasoned steaks, chops, prime rib, roasted caramel chicken, generous salads and side orders will also be offered. This outlet will provide the upscale ambience of an energetic lifestyle with the ongoing celebration of exceptional food. Fresh and entertaining surroundings: The restaurant will feature display cooking of our featured steak from cutting to cooking to ensure that they are very tender. The hearty salads and hot food stations will also visible to enable our guests to choose their favourite dish/salad from a variety of items. We will also offer theme nights to add a twist to the customer’s experience. Fresh flowers, great music and amazing artwork will appeal the customers. Quality Food: At 303 Deliche Steak, the passion of grilling will be reflected in the legendary steaks. It will serve nothing but fresh and tender steaks, crispy salads, all white meat chicken and scrumptious desserts. Variety: We are committed to offer a little extra by adding value in terms of everyday menu to spice up the things and add more twist. The menu will change after every 5 to 6 months but the specialty will be there. For instance, during summ er months we will offer special menu such as exotic drinks to refresh our customers in a hot sunny day. Prices will be varying according to the competitive upscale restaurants. Hours of Operation: The restaurant will be open seven days a week. The timings will be 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. Industry and Market Analysis: Denver is a pioneer in the restaurant industry with many popular chains based in the region. It has a population of more than 3 million and the growth rate of the food industry is increasing with the establishment of

Infertility In Women With Hormone Complications Essay

Infertility In Women With Hormone Complications - Essay Example Infertility is a major concern that affects about 10 percent of couples in their reproductive age. Approximately 1/3 percent of infertility cases that occur are attributed to fertility issues with a woman while the rest two-third are attributed to the man or both partners issues. Thus, infertility is a major issue affecting many women in the reproductive age. Infertility resulting from hormonal complications is a major concern affecting many women that need to be discussed.Hormones involvedA woman's ability to bear children normally occurs at her start of menstruation when she enters puberty. Various hormones are involved, as the whole process is complex. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is first produced and stimulates the follicles to mature. Once they are mature, estrogen is produced stimulating the thickening of the uterine lining. At the 14th day of the cycle, luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced that stimulates ovulation and leads to the production of progesterone and est rogen through the corpus luteum that supports the pregnancy. Hormonal complications of each of the above hormones on a woman who is in the reproductive age may result in infertility.Polycystic ovarian syndromeAbbreviated, as PCOS it is a condition among women of the reproductive age where the ovaries do not make all the hormones that are needed for the egg to fully mature. The follicles may start growing and even build up with fluid, but ovulation does not occur as some follicles remain as cysts.

The Wonders of the Great Barrier Reef Essay Example for Free

The Wonders of the Great Barrier Reef Essay Marine life has always been one of the greatest wonders in the world. For the longest time, both marine plants and animals have peacefully inhabited the bottom of the sea, and contributing much to the beauty of the environment. Two of the most interesting reefs in the world are the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and the Lakshadweep Reef in India. Although these two ecosystems are similar in numerous ways, their way of living and the inhabitants found in each still differ, making them unique and extraordinary from each other. Considered as the largest coral reef in the world, the Great Barrier Reef is composed of an estimated 2,900 corals that also serves as home to numerous plants and animals. The smallest to the largest animals are said to inhabit the said reef, with their existence serving as the distinctive mark of the Great Barrier Reef. One of the famous inhabitants is the Dugong (CRC Reef Research Center, n. d. ). Also known as the Sea Cow, the Dugong is a vegetarian mammal found mostly in the waters of the Indian and the Pacific Oceans, the Red Sea, and Australian sea beds. These endangered mammals are large in size, and are said to swim through the different flora found in the seabed. Before heading for the surface, Dugongs can last a total of six minutes underwater. They are mostly seen in pairs, and are often seen gathering in groups, also known as herds. Similar to humans, Dugongs only carry one calf during pregnancy, which lasts for a year. After birth, young Sea Cows stay with the mother for a year and a half, before embarking on their own. Because of their immense appearance, the Dugong becomes a primary target of illegal fishermen and hunters. The meat, oil, skin, and other parts of the Dugongs body may be sold individually for a huge amount of money. Unfortunately, these factors have contributed much to the increasing number of demand for the said endangered animals (National Geographic, Society, 2009). Aside from animals, a wide variety of plant life also exists in the sea beds of the Great Barrier Reef. Like the plants on land, marine plants play an important role in the existence of marine animals. These plants are normally employed as food for the marine animals, and are also used the main habitat of numerous animals. One of the most abundant types of marine plants in the sea beds of the Great Barrier Reef is the Algae (Facts Monk, n. d. ). Different types of marine algae exist in the bottom of the Great Barrier Reef. These include the red, blue, brown, and green algae. Although these floras are simple in consistency, they play an important role in maintaining the balance of nature and the ecosystem. The existence of algae in the Great Barrier Reef has a great impact on how living creatures were able to co-exist with each other. Because of the human disturbance witnessed by the Great Barrier Reef for the last couple of years, some of the marine animals have become endangered, if not extinct. However, the growth of algae in the bruised corals in the seabed has become beneficial in the growth of corals, which also contribute in helping balance the ecosystem (CRC Reef Research Center, n. d. ). Moreover, the Lakshadweep in India was another site to marvel at. The whole area is said to contain numerous species, all extraordinary in their own kind. Each species also contributes to the beauty of the said ecosystem, making sure that balance between all living creatures is maintained. In addition to this, the appearance of the said ecosystem has attracted numerous tourists because of the impressive sight. The Lakshadweep in India is comprised of 36 coral islands spanning an estimated 200-400 kilometer radius. Known to many as a â€Å"tropical paradise†, Lakshadweep never fails to impress the interest of many (South India Tour Travel, n. d. ). In addition to this, the Lakshadweep was also considered to be protected by the government. In this manner, the said ecosystem would be improved in all levels possible, without the difficulty of having to hurt anyone else. Similar to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Lakshadweep ecosystem in India comprises of different kinds of marine plants and animals. These include different kinds of algae, clams, corals, sea cucumbers, and starfishes of every kind. These floras also serve as the primary food and habitat of the marine life occupying the said ecosystem. Accompanying the flora is a wide variety of marine animals unknown to mankind. One of the most famous animals found in this ecosystem is the dolphin (WWF India, n. d. ) The dolphin is one of the most famous mammals in the world. Often seen in the ocean, dolphins have a way of attracting the people in numerous ways. Unknown to many, dolphins are unique and have impressive intellectual skills. In this manner, they are able to make the existence of each species in the ecosystem worthwhile. From everything that has been said, it is evident that ecosystems have different strategies. Although both the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Lakshadweep in India are home to thousands of species, they too have their own goals to practice. The Great Barrier Reef is a clear example of how we, as people, should care for the environment. In so doing, the Lakshadweep in India also serves as a haven of hope for people all over the world. The said ecosystem was damaged, and almost erased from the map, but with much hard work and dedication, everything was being restored to how they used to be. Now all living creatures, both humans and animals alike, would have hope that a better future is still attainable. References CRC Reef Research Center. (n. d. ) Coral reefs. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://www. reef. crc. org. au/discover/coralreefs/index. html National Geographic Society. (2009). Dugong. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://animals. nationalgeographic. com/animals/mammals/dugong. html Facts Monk. (n. d. ) Great barrier reef plants. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://www. factsmonk. com/Great_Barrier_Reef_Plants South India Tour Travel. (n. d. ) Marine life in Lakshadweep. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://www. southindiatourtravel. com/lakshadweep/travel-to-lakshadweep/marine-life. html World Wildlife Foundation India. (n. d. ) Biodiversity and status of coral reefs/ecosystems. Retrieved August 6, 2009 from http://www. wwfindia. org/about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/projects/coral_reef_monitoring/results. cfm

Divorce in America Essay -- Divorcing Research Paper Effect Cause Essa

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Divorce rates in the United States have increased dramatically in the past 25 years. Over 40 percent of the marriages among young Americans will end in divorce. There is a lot of stress on all the people involved. The man has to deal with, usually, not seeing his children, being alone, and the responsibility that is accompanied with much of the legal process. The wife has to go through, maybe, entering the work force for the first time. Children are often viewed as a back burner issue but more often than none they are the center piece of discussion. The children may begin feeling inadequate around their friends and even in personal esteem. Feeling like it is their fault they might get depressed or perhaps even rebellious. Regardless, divorce is an activity that has become common place in today's family structure, behavior, and morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When two people meet and decide their love is strong enough to carry them to the next level marriage is usually the out come. Sometimes they decide to have children and sometimes they don't, but when they do, it usually brings them closer together. All parents have desires and hopes for their children. The way in which parents achieve these ends can differ. Researchers do not agree on which of the child-raising practices is best. But it is known that parents provide role models for their children and that children rely on their parents to teach them about the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a culture's values and traditions undergo a rapid change it becomes difficult to decide which attitudes and beliefs children should be taught. As one researcher has stated, ?today's children are the first generation to be raised amid doubt about the role prescriptions that have long gone unchallenged. This makes their socialization especially difficult. Traditionally, socialization was a process of raising the young to fill major roles in society when the present incumbents vacated them. Yet today we do not know what type of society our children will inherit, nor the roles for which they should be prepared. ?(pp.34) Divorce along married couples is the most well-documented and studied of the various ways relationships end. According to Dworetzky:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Divorce rates in the United States have increased dramatically in the past 25   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  years. According to current assessments, over 40 percent of marriages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ability to function as parents diminishes. ?Although children may fare well in single-parent families, the chances increase that they will face problems. There are many stresses associated with divorce. These include the disruption of bedtimes and eating schedules, the effects of the parents emotional state, and the lessening of adult contact. Also, the level of income in the household usually decreases, and this may produce more stress. Less income may require the parent to move, which in turn may cause the child to behave to change of schools or move to a poorer neighborhood with a higher rate of crime and delinquency.?(pp. 170-174)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Divorce is happening every day to couples in the United States. The only problem, is that the couple thinks they are the only ones going through it when almost twenty-two percent of adult America is also. When parents get divorced the children get divorced too. Children and adolescents face a lot of stress during their lives, but divorce is very confusing, speaking from personal experience. It can be too much stress to peoples' lives but they also present opportunities to form new relationships and to strengthen existing ones.

A Study of Consumer Perception of “Ready to Eat” Products Among Working Class Women

A Report on A Study Of Consumer Perception Of â€Å"Ready To Eat† Products Among Working Class Women In Erandwane Area In Pune City MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Ready to eat food items has already gained wide scope in western world and in recent years it gaining popularity in India. A busy lifestyle has made Indian women very hectic to cook and eat thus â€Å"ready to eat food† items are gaining wide interest. On account of this many firms are seeing this, a golden opportunity. Companies like Haldiram, Nestle, and ITC are already working in this area.In today’s scenario, first came canned foods, frozen foods, and ready to cook and now the era of ready to eat food . Considering the time value for the working women and also looking towards market needs firms started manufacturing it. There are peoples, who are migrating to cities for job and education and these people have find the Ready-to-eat products are comfortable to eat rather than depending on restaurants. Most of the dual income (both husband and wife are office goers) families want to spend much less time on cooking because of less availability of time.During weekends they want to spend time with their kids and outing, whereas in weekdays the office duration is large and these factors forced them to go for buying such products. Other factors influences this products is availability of different flavors and dishes. Consumers who are looking for different dishes and flavors now depend on these products. This products brings variety to their eating’s and palatable too. There is no conclusion which one precedes-whether the availability or taste or time constraint, all these factors complement each other in driving these products.Ready to eat items are providing a boon for working women. Literature Review Here are some facts drawn out by different survey carried out by different agencies. * The CFA commissioned a consumer survey to better understand consumers' att itudes and perceptions of ready to eat foods to help inform those efforts. According to the survey, more than half of Indians disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious a fresh and more than one-third disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious as frozen.Ready to eat foods and Lower Sodium Are Compatible – Only half of those surveyed know that ready to eat foods can be low in sodium, despite the multitude of no salt, low sodium and reduced sodium options available on grocery shelves. Thus conclusion can be drawn out from this that many people are with ready to cook food but some people are not so supportive. To find out where is real market for ready to cook food. *   A survey conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) secretary general D. S. Rawat said the consumer spending rate on processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. per cent annually from 2008 to 2010. And this is expected to rise at an average of around 8. 6 per cent until 2012. * In any commercial context, such as new product development, positioning and marketing, to understand consumer perceptions and their needs is a fundamental activity for food producers (Van Kleef et al. , 2005, Oude Ophuis and Van Trijp, 1995). * The study of consumer behaviour focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman ; Kanuk,1997). Statement of Research A study of consumer perception of ready to eat products.Objective The research paper was under taken with the following objectives. i. To study the effective use of time by the use of RTE products. ii. The awareness of consumers towards ready-to-eat food iii. The factors responsible for buying RTE products by working women. Research Methodology: Research methodology is the procedures used in systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, and information as a part of research project or study. Da ta collection: The  process  used to  collect  information  and  data  for the purpose of  making  business  decisions. 1. Primary: Primary data is the first hand collection of data.In this study we have used Questionnaire as our instrument for primary data collection. 2. Secondary: Secondary data is the data which is already available and published somewhere. For this study we have used journals, Magazines, related websites. Type of research: Descriptive: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. So we are using this method as there is no control over the variables; we can only report what has happened or what is happening.Sampling: It is the statistical method of representative data or observations in a group(lot, batch, population, etc. ) * Technique : Simple Random Sampling * Sample Size : 50 * Total population : 50,000*(www. wikiprdia. org) Scope of research: 1. The study was based on primary data collected from sample consumers by survey method. 2. The research is done in Erandwane area. 3. The target is for working women in this area. 4. Research location is in Pune city. Limitations: 1. The sample may not totally represent the whole section of the population because of different backgrounds. . The reluctancy of the responses from the population. 3. Invalid information . 4. Being college student, we faced time constraint for data collection Significance: 1. Awareness about â€Å"Ready-to-eat† products. 2. Acceptability of Ready-To-Eat products. 3. Openness of the market for new â€Å"Ready-to-eat† products. 4. Marketing strategies for RTE products. 5. Influence of media in promoting RTE. 6. New growing industry. Analysis : 1. Age Fig 1. Age Percentage Above fig shows that the maximum number of women are from 30-40 age group and they prefer RTE. 2. OccupationFig 2. Occupatio n Percentage From the above graph, it is cleared that the maximum i. e. 52% women are salaried. 3. Income Fig 3. Income Percentage Maximum of the women are having income in between 20000-30000. 4. Awareness Fig. 4 Awareness about the RTE From the analysis it shows that, out of total population, 52% prefer RTE for meals, which is highest. 5. Time Constraint Fig. 3 Time constraints The above pie chart reveals that, the maximum number of women prefer RTE as they face time constraints in the kitchen. 6. Buying perception Fig. 3 Buying PerceptionFrom the analysis, it concludes that more number of working women go for RTE because it is convenience. Following data interpretations were obtained:- 1) 52. 27% women are salaried. 2) 80%women have income above 10,000-20,000. 3) Almost 100% women have working hour more than 9-10 hours. 4) 60% didn’t get time to cook food themselves. 5) 80% people are aware of the Ready To Eat products. a) 25% or more, knows about the ready To Eat products . b) 36. 36% people prefer Ready To Eat items more than once. c) 34. 09% people prefer because it is very convenient to use. d) 20. 45% prefer because of the availability of products. ) 77. 27% think that ready To Eat products are not healthy. a) As it has preservatives, sometimes bad packaging, comes with expiry date, it is not fresh and also we get less variety. 7) 11. 36% consumes on daily basis. 8) 55% of population thinks it makes life easy. Conclusion: As per our findings, Ready To Eat are on growing stage. 1. Ready To Eat companies should change their marketing strategies as people have the typical mindset that the Ready To Eat products are not healthy to consume. 2. In the aspect of Time, Taste and Easy to make the Ready To Eat are proving to be good. . The analysis shows that most of the working women prefer Ready to Eat rather than cooking as it reduces their efforts. Bibliography: 1. Goyal Anita and Singh,N. P. (2007), â€Å"Consumer perception about Ready-to-eat in Indi a: anexploratory study†,British Food Journal,Vol. 109, Iss. 2,p. 182-195. Information, 26 (9): 8-14. 2. Hirekencchanagoudar Renuka , 2008,â€Å"Consumer Behaviour Towards Ready To Eat Food Products† . housewives in Dharwad. MHSc. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci, Dharwad. 3. Jorin, R. , 1987, Consumer behaviour is changing and offering new opportunities.Berater- 4. Joshi, M. S. , 1993, Food purchase habits and consumer awareness of rural and urban 5. Kamalaveni, D. and Nirmala, 2000, Consumer behaviour in instant food products. Ind. J. 6. Kamenidou, L. , Zimitra-Kalogianni, L. , Zotos, Y. and Mattas, K. , 2002, Household purchasing and consumption behaviour towards processed peach products. New Medit,. 1 (1) : 45-49. Mktg, 30 (5-7) : 12-18. 7. Makatouni,Aikaterini (2002), â€Å"What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? Results frm a qualitative study†,British Food Journal,Vol. 104,Iss. 3/4/5,pp. 345-352. 8.Nichanj,Meena(2005),â€Å"Urbanities in India junk health,turn Ready-to-eaties,†Knight ridder Tribune business news,Washington,pp. 1. Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Capps,Oral (1992)â€Å"Determinants of Food Away from Home Consumption: An Update†, Agribusiness,Vol. 8,Iss. 6,pp. 549-559. 9. R. Meenambekai, P. Selvarajan, â€Å"Consumer Attitudes toward Ready-To-Eat Packed Food Items (With Special Reference To Jaffna Divisional Secretariat Division)†. The Seventh International Research Conference on Management and Finance (IRCMF 2012) 10. Ramasamy, K. , Kalaivanan, G. and Sukumar, S. , 2005, Consumer behaviour towards instant food products.Ind. J. Mktg. , 24 (2-3) : 55-59. 11. Rana Muhammad Ayyub, Muhammad Bilal and Muhammad Rameez Akram, â€Å"EXPLORING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR REGARDING READY TO EAT MEAT QUAIL MEAT PRODUCT IN PAKISTAN†,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pkaistan. 12. Rees, A. M. , 1992, Factors influencing consumer choice. J. Soc. of Dairy Tech. , 45 (4): 112-116. 13. Sharma,Gaurav, (2011), â€Å"A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL PATTERN OF CUSTOMERS FOR READY TO EAT FOOD ITEMS†. Report, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR 14. Srinivasan, N. and Elangovan, D. 2000, Consumer perception towards processed fruits and vegetable products. Ind. J. Mktg, 30 (11-12): 22-25. 15. T. Sarathy and Shilpa Gopal, â€Å"Managing the Diffusion of innovation in Ready-To-Eat Food Products in India† 16. Vijayabhaskar and Dr. N Sunderam, â€Å"Market Study on Key Determinants Of Ready To Eat Products With Respect To Tier I Cities In Southern Area†, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume II Issue VI, June 2012, ISSN-2231 5780. 17. Erandwane-Pune. jpg – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia www. en. wikipedia. org 18. www. google. com AbstractThe present investigation made an attempt to study the perception of consumers towards ready-to-eat food products by the working class women in Erandwane area in Pune city. A total sa mple of 50 respondents was selected for the study. Majority of the respondents were aware of RTE products. Also television works as major source for getting information about such products. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the responsible factors for consumption of such products in working class women. Their income level, time variable, product awareness are taken into consideration to arrive at the conclusion.The main aim for this study is to explore consumer perception for ready-to-eat products and the major forces determining such segment to grow and the future potential of the same. This research will give us potential information about the working women preference for such products. There is a tremendous change in the last ten years in our country of people consuming habits, working style. Other than convenience there are many hidden forces and upcoming forces. Rather than availability of western eatables products, our own products are come into packaged items f or sales in this market. This study will throw some light on A Study of Consumer Perception of â€Å"Ready to Eat† Products Among Working Class Women A Report on A Study Of Consumer Perception Of â€Å"Ready To Eat† Products Among Working Class Women In Erandwane Area In Pune City MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Ready to eat food items has already gained wide scope in western world and in recent years it gaining popularity in India. A busy lifestyle has made Indian women very hectic to cook and eat thus â€Å"ready to eat food† items are gaining wide interest. On account of this many firms are seeing this, a golden opportunity. Companies like Haldiram, Nestle, and ITC are already working in this area.In today’s scenario, first came canned foods, frozen foods, and ready to cook and now the era of ready to eat food . Considering the time value for the working women and also looking towards market needs firms started manufacturing it. There are peoples, who are migrating to cities for job and education and these people have find the Ready-to-eat products are comfortable to eat rather than depending on restaurants. Most of the dual income (both husband and wife are office goers) families want to spend much less time on cooking because of less availability of time.During weekends they want to spend time with their kids and outing, whereas in weekdays the office duration is large and these factors forced them to go for buying such products. Other factors influences this products is availability of different flavors and dishes. Consumers who are looking for different dishes and flavors now depend on these products. This products brings variety to their eating’s and palatable too. There is no conclusion which one precedes-whether the availability or taste or time constraint, all these factors complement each other in driving these products.Ready to eat items are providing a boon for working women. Literature Review Here are some facts drawn out by different survey carried out by different agencies. * The CFA commissioned a consumer survey to better understand consumers' att itudes and perceptions of ready to eat foods to help inform those efforts. According to the survey, more than half of Indians disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious a fresh and more than one-third disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious as frozen.Ready to eat foods and Lower Sodium Are Compatible – Only half of those surveyed know that ready to eat foods can be low in sodium, despite the multitude of no salt, low sodium and reduced sodium options available on grocery shelves. Thus conclusion can be drawn out from this that many people are with ready to cook food but some people are not so supportive. To find out where is real market for ready to cook food. *   A survey conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) secretary general D. S. Rawat said the consumer spending rate on processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. per cent annually from 2008 to 2010. And this is expected to rise at an average of around 8. 6 per cent until 2012. * In any commercial context, such as new product development, positioning and marketing, to understand consumer perceptions and their needs is a fundamental activity for food producers (Van Kleef et al. , 2005, Oude Ophuis and Van Trijp, 1995). * The study of consumer behaviour focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman ; Kanuk,1997). Statement of Research A study of consumer perception of ready to eat products.Objective The research paper was under taken with the following objectives. i. To study the effective use of time by the use of RTE products. ii. The awareness of consumers towards ready-to-eat food iii. The factors responsible for buying RTE products by working women. Research Methodology: Research methodology is the procedures used in systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, and information as a part of research project or study. Da ta collection: The  process  used to  collect  information  and  data  for the purpose of  making  business  decisions. 1. Primary: Primary data is the first hand collection of data.In this study we have used Questionnaire as our instrument for primary data collection. 2. Secondary: Secondary data is the data which is already available and published somewhere. For this study we have used journals, Magazines, related websites. Type of research: Descriptive: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. So we are using this method as there is no control over the variables; we can only report what has happened or what is happening.Sampling: It is the statistical method of representative data or observations in a group(lot, batch, population, etc. ) * Technique : Simple Random Sampling * Sample Size : 50 * Total population : 50,000*(www. wikiprdia. org) Scope of research: 1. The study was based on primary data collected from sample consumers by survey method. 2. The research is done in Erandwane area. 3. The target is for working women in this area. 4. Research location is in Pune city. Limitations: 1. The sample may not totally represent the whole section of the population because of different backgrounds. . The reluctancy of the responses from the population. 3. Invalid information . 4. Being college student, we faced time constraint for data collection Significance: 1. Awareness about â€Å"Ready-to-eat† products. 2. Acceptability of Ready-To-Eat products. 3. Openness of the market for new â€Å"Ready-to-eat† products. 4. Marketing strategies for RTE products. 5. Influence of media in promoting RTE. 6. New growing industry. Analysis : 1. Age Fig 1. Age Percentage Above fig shows that the maximum number of women are from 30-40 age group and they prefer RTE. 2. OccupationFig 2. Occupatio n Percentage From the above graph, it is cleared that the maximum i. e. 52% women are salaried. 3. Income Fig 3. Income Percentage Maximum of the women are having income in between 20000-30000. 4. Awareness Fig. 4 Awareness about the RTE From the analysis it shows that, out of total population, 52% prefer RTE for meals, which is highest. 5. Time Constraint Fig. 3 Time constraints The above pie chart reveals that, the maximum number of women prefer RTE as they face time constraints in the kitchen. 6. Buying perception Fig. 3 Buying PerceptionFrom the analysis, it concludes that more number of working women go for RTE because it is convenience. Following data interpretations were obtained:- 1) 52. 27% women are salaried. 2) 80%women have income above 10,000-20,000. 3) Almost 100% women have working hour more than 9-10 hours. 4) 60% didn’t get time to cook food themselves. 5) 80% people are aware of the Ready To Eat products. a) 25% or more, knows about the ready To Eat products . b) 36. 36% people prefer Ready To Eat items more than once. c) 34. 09% people prefer because it is very convenient to use. d) 20. 45% prefer because of the availability of products. ) 77. 27% think that ready To Eat products are not healthy. a) As it has preservatives, sometimes bad packaging, comes with expiry date, it is not fresh and also we get less variety. 7) 11. 36% consumes on daily basis. 8) 55% of population thinks it makes life easy. Conclusion: As per our findings, Ready To Eat are on growing stage. 1. Ready To Eat companies should change their marketing strategies as people have the typical mindset that the Ready To Eat products are not healthy to consume. 2. In the aspect of Time, Taste and Easy to make the Ready To Eat are proving to be good. . The analysis shows that most of the working women prefer Ready to Eat rather than cooking as it reduces their efforts. Bibliography: 1. Goyal Anita and Singh,N. P. (2007), â€Å"Consumer perception about Ready-to-eat in Indi a: anexploratory study†,British Food Journal,Vol. 109, Iss. 2,p. 182-195. Information, 26 (9): 8-14. 2. Hirekencchanagoudar Renuka , 2008,â€Å"Consumer Behaviour Towards Ready To Eat Food Products† . housewives in Dharwad. MHSc. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci, Dharwad. 3. Jorin, R. , 1987, Consumer behaviour is changing and offering new opportunities.Berater- 4. Joshi, M. S. , 1993, Food purchase habits and consumer awareness of rural and urban 5. Kamalaveni, D. and Nirmala, 2000, Consumer behaviour in instant food products. Ind. J. 6. Kamenidou, L. , Zimitra-Kalogianni, L. , Zotos, Y. and Mattas, K. , 2002, Household purchasing and consumption behaviour towards processed peach products. New Medit,. 1 (1) : 45-49. Mktg, 30 (5-7) : 12-18. 7. Makatouni,Aikaterini (2002), â€Å"What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? Results frm a qualitative study†,British Food Journal,Vol. 104,Iss. 3/4/5,pp. 345-352. 8.Nichanj,Meena(2005),â€Å"Urbanities in India junk health,turn Ready-to-eaties,†Knight ridder Tribune business news,Washington,pp. 1. Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Capps,Oral (1992)â€Å"Determinants of Food Away from Home Consumption: An Update†, Agribusiness,Vol. 8,Iss. 6,pp. 549-559. 9. R. Meenambekai, P. Selvarajan, â€Å"Consumer Attitudes toward Ready-To-Eat Packed Food Items (With Special Reference To Jaffna Divisional Secretariat Division)†. The Seventh International Research Conference on Management and Finance (IRCMF 2012) 10. Ramasamy, K. , Kalaivanan, G. and Sukumar, S. , 2005, Consumer behaviour towards instant food products.Ind. J. Mktg. , 24 (2-3) : 55-59. 11. Rana Muhammad Ayyub, Muhammad Bilal and Muhammad Rameez Akram, â€Å"EXPLORING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR REGARDING READY TO EAT MEAT QUAIL MEAT PRODUCT IN PAKISTAN†,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pkaistan. 12. Rees, A. M. , 1992, Factors influencing consumer choice. J. Soc. of Dairy Tech. , 45 (4): 112-116. 13. Sharma,Gaurav, (2011), â€Å"A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL PATTERN OF CUSTOMERS FOR READY TO EAT FOOD ITEMS†. Report, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR 14. Srinivasan, N. and Elangovan, D. 2000, Consumer perception towards processed fruits and vegetable products. Ind. J. Mktg, 30 (11-12): 22-25. 15. T. Sarathy and Shilpa Gopal, â€Å"Managing the Diffusion of innovation in Ready-To-Eat Food Products in India† 16. Vijayabhaskar and Dr. N Sunderam, â€Å"Market Study on Key Determinants Of Ready To Eat Products With Respect To Tier I Cities In Southern Area†, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume II Issue VI, June 2012, ISSN-2231 5780. 17. Erandwane-Pune. jpg – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia www. en. wikipedia. org 18. www. google. com AbstractThe present investigation made an attempt to study the perception of consumers towards ready-to-eat food products by the working class women in Erandwane area in Pune city. A total sa mple of 50 respondents was selected for the study. Majority of the respondents were aware of RTE products. Also television works as major source for getting information about such products. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the responsible factors for consumption of such products in working class women. Their income level, time variable, product awareness are taken into consideration to arrive at the conclusion.The main aim for this study is to explore consumer perception for ready-to-eat products and the major forces determining such segment to grow and the future potential of the same. This research will give us potential information about the working women preference for such products. There is a tremendous change in the last ten years in our country of people consuming habits, working style. Other than convenience there are many hidden forces and upcoming forces. Rather than availability of western eatables products, our own products are come into packaged items f or sales in this market. This study will throw some light on

Conjugating Respecter in French

If you guessed that  respecter  means to respect in French, you would be correct. When you want to say things such as she respected in the past tense or we will respect in the future tense, the verb will need to be conjugated. The purpose of this French lesson is to help you learn the most basic forms of  respecter. The Basic Conjugations of  Respecter French verb conjugations can be quite complicated. Not only do you have to memorize quite a few words, but you also have to watch out for verbs that dont follow the rules. The great news is that respecter likes rules and it follows the most common conjugation pattern found in French. Respecter  is a  regular -er verb  and the endings you learn here are used for the majority of French verbs. That does make each new one you learn just a little easier than the last.   The first step in any conjugation is to find the verb stem. For  respecter, that is  respect-. To this, a variety of endings are added to correspond with both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. For example, an  -e  is added for the present  je respecte  (I am respecting) and  -ions  is added for the imperfect  nous respections  (we respected). Present Future Imperfect je respecte respecterai respectais tu respectes respecteras respectais il respecte respectera respectait nous respectons respecterons respections vous respectez respecterez respectiez ils respectent respecteront respectaient The Present Participle of  Respecter When you add  -ant  to these regular verbs, youre always forming the  present participle. For  respecter, that gives you the word  respectant. Not only is it a verb, it may also be a noun or adjective under certain circumstances. Respecter  in the Compound Past Tense The passà © composà © is a common way to express the past tense in French. Its a compound that requires two elements: the present tense conjugate of avoir and the past participle respectà ©. When you combine the two, you get phrases such as jai respectà © (I respected) and nous avons respectà © (we respected). More Simple Conjugations of  Respecter While  respecter  does have more conjugations, a few more of the simplest will round off this lesson and give your vocabulary a solid foundation. Verb moods like  the subjunctive  can help you imply uncertainty to the act of respecting, for instance. At the same time,  the conditional  is very useful if that action is dependent on something. Used with less frequency, the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive are also good to study. These are literary tenses and found more often in written French than in conversation. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je respecte respecterais respectai respectasse tu respectes respecterais respectas respectasses il respecte respecterait respecta respectt nous respections respecterions respectmes respectassions vous respectiez respecteriez respecttes respectassiez ils respectent respecteraient respectrent respectassent If you find yourself in need of forcefully or directly demanding respect, you can use the imperative. When you do use it, its perfectly fine to drop the subject pronoun: tu respecte becomes respecte. Imperative (tu) respecte (nous) respectons (vous) respectez